设计模式之 has-a
设计模式之 has-a
在 C++中,一个类包含另一个类的对象称为组合(Composition)。这是一种常见的设计模式,用于表示一个类是由另一个类的对象组成的。这种关系通常表示一种"拥有"(“has-a”)的关系。
- 普通变量访问成员变量或者成员函数,使用 “ . ” 运算符
- 指针变量访问成员变量或者成员函数,使用“ -> ”运算符,像C语言的结构体用法
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Wheel
{
public:
string brand;
int year;
void wheelPrintInfo();
};
void Wheel::wheelPrintInfo()
{
cout << "我的轮胎品牌是:" << brand << endl;
cout << "我的轮胎日期是:" << year << endl;
}
//在 C++中,一个类包含另一个类的对象称为组合(Composition)。
class Car{ //汽车“类”
public:
// 成员数据
string color; //颜色
string brand; //品牌
string type; //车型
int year; //年限
Wheel wl;
Wheel *pwl;
// 成员数据
void (*printCarInfo)(string color, string brand, string type, int year); //函数指针,指向车介绍函数
void (*carRun)(string type); //函数指针,指向车运行的函数
void (*carStop)(string type); //函数指针,执行车停止的函数
// 成员函数
void realPrintCarInfo();
};
void Car::realPrintCarInfo()
{
cout << "成员函数打印" << endl;
string str = "车的品牌是:" + brand
+ ",型号是: " + type
+ ",颜色是:" + color
+ ", 上市年限是:" + std::to_string(year);
cout << str << endl;
}
void bwmThreePrintCarInfo(string color, string brand, string type, int year)
{
string str = "车的品牌是:" + brand
+ ",型号是: " + type
+ ",颜色是:" + color
+ ", 上市年限是:" + std::to_string(year);
cout << str << endl;
}
void A6ThreePrintCarInfo(string color, string brand, string type, int year)
{
string str = "车的品牌是:" + brand
+ ",型号是: " + type
+ ",颜色是:" + color
+ ", 上市年限是:" + std::to_string(year);
cout << str << endl;
}
int main()
{
Car BWMthree;
BWMthree.color = "白色";
BWMthree.brand = "宝马";
BWMthree.type = "3系";
BWMthree.year = 2023;
// BWMthree.wl.brand = "米其林";
// BWMthree.wl.year = 2023;
// BWMthree.wl.wheelPrintInfo();
BWMthree.pwl = new Wheel();
BWMthree.pwl->brand = "米其林";
BWMthree.pwl->year = 2023;
BWMthree.pwl->wheelPrintInfo();
BWMthree.printCarInfo = bwmThreePrintCarInfo;
BWMthree.printCarInfo(BWMthree.color, BWMthree.brand, BWMthree.type, BWMthree.year);
BWMthree.realPrintCarInfo();
Car *AodiA6 = new Car;
// AodiA6 = (struct Car *)malloc(sizeof(struct Car));
AodiA6->color = "黑色";
AodiA6->brand = "奥迪";
AodiA6->type = "A6";
AodiA6->year = 2008;
AodiA6->printCarInfo = A6ThreePrintCarInfo;
AodiA6->printCarInfo(AodiA6->color, AodiA6->brand, AodiA6->type, AodiA6->year);
AodiA6->realPrintCarInfo();
// AodiA6->pwl->brand = "马牌";
// AodiA6->pwl->year = 2023;
// AodiA6->wl.wheelPrintInfo();
AodiA6->pwl = new Wheel;
AodiA6->pwl->brand = "马牌";
AodiA6->pwl->year = 2023;
AodiA6->pwl->wheelPrintInfo();
return 0;
}